Puspita Ayuningtyas Prawesti, 120210415
(2006)
THE ORGANIZATION OF TURN TAKING IN CRIMINAL SESSIONS AT THE JOMBANG COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE.
Thesis thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.
Abstract
This study is about the organization of turn taking in criminal sessions. It is aimed at discovering the technical differences between the general turn taking rules proposed by Sacks et. al. and the modified ones in criminal sessions and explicating how participants manage their talks when they are engaged in a criminal session. This study uses Conversation Analysis (CA) as an approach because CA can show a direct connection between talk and its setting. The setting in this study is criminal session setting. The participants of this study are two judges, six defendants, seven witnesses and five prosecutors. The preference of criminal trials instead of civil hearings is due to the fact that there is no prosecutor in a civil session. Therefore, the researcher can analyze the turn taking orders between judges and prosecutors, witnesses and prosecutors plus prosecutors and defendants that cannot be witnessed in a civil hearing. Based on the data analysis, the modified turn taking rules in criminal session show some technical differences from the general ones due to the distinctions of both settings and participants. In criminal sessions, there is an unequal power of speech exchange mechanism between participants because there are two participants –judge and prosecutor-who serve as the turn permutators but the other participants –defendant and witness- do not have such authority to distribute the turns. Furthermore, the possibilities of a judge's turn are higher than those of a prosecutor's turn are. In addition, both turn distributors attempt to minimize pause. Additionally, prosecutors always utilize objection to do self-selection. Last, in criminal sessions, there are many occurrences of overlapping talks, interruptions, and violations of the turn taking rules. Every violation is treated seriously by both turn distributors. A deviant case is also coming out from the data. Most of violations done by judges are compromised.
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