Budi Utomo (2016) Comparison of Genotype and Phenotype of Madura Cattle to Obtain the Genetic Purity that can be used as a Local Livestock Germplasm Conservation on Madura Island. Asian Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary, 3 (4). pp. 9-21. ISSN 2319-2801

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Abstract

The crossbreeding between Madura cattle with superior bulls of other nations (exotic cattle) often occurs in an area. The crosses will have consequences that germplasm conservation of Madura cattleon Madura Island will be no longer valid, except in Sapudi Island. According to FAO (2000) that native livestock genetic resources will tend to become extinct as a result of the new market demand (large scale exploitation), cross uncontrolled, turnover breeds (replacement of the existingcattle breed with new cattle breed) and the activities of agricultural mechanization (replacement of cattle power with machines powerto cultivate agricultural land).Madura cattle become breed (race) of the local beef cattle that formed as a result of natural insulation and environmental influences, so as to have uniform characteristics that stand out among other local breeds of beef cattle in Indonesia. With the contribution of genetic zebu cattle such as tolerance to stress due to climate and durability against ticks as well as natural selection and rigorous environment within a period of time, Madura cattle become a breed that has very high adaptability to the environment. Besides that, Madura cattle have a good response to the improvement of feed and resistant to feed with a high content of crude fiber (Soehadji, 1993). Benefits of using mt DNA according Duryadi(1994), are(1) As genetic markersin the study of intraspecific variability (inter population) that can provide qualitative and quantitative information; (2) Can be used to track the relatively new events such as the study of natural hybridization between the two subspecies; (3) Can be used for a historical reconstruction of genealogy matriliniera species or between populations that exist; (4) Can reconstruct phylogenic of several species that are close. This study uses the D-loop region fragment Madura cattle to get the data so as to determine the genetic diversity of the nucleo tide composition between individual Madura cattle and identify sightings of the phenotype. Such data can be used to identify the genetic purity of Madura cattle that exist in the region Sapudi island, Sumenep, Pamekasan, Pamekasan, Sampang, Bangkalan Temporarily results isa DNAfragmentsize980bpD- loop region of mitochondrial DNA that is located in thearea15795-16341mtDNA of individual cattle Madura has been successfully amplified by PCR using primers BIDLF and BIDLR. The process of sequencing a primer BIDLF (foward) on the results successfully read different nucleotide sequence of each individual Madura cattle (716 BP; 756 BP; 964 BP; 1098 BP; 1113 BP) Key Words :Germplasm, Cattle breed, Genetic characteristic, mtDNA, Genetic purity

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