Budi Utomo (2017) Genetic Mutation and Deletion in Madura Cattle as the Results of Crossbreeding. Asian Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary, 4 (5). pp. 141-153. ISSN 2319-2801

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Abstract

Crossbreeding between Madura cattle with superior male female cattle other nations (exotic cattle) often occur in some area. These crosses would have conseguences that germplasm conservation cow Madura Madura Island would be no longer valid, except in Sapudi Island. According to FAO (2000), that animal genetic resources native would tend to become extinct as a result of the new market demand (massive operations), uncontrolled crossing, turn breeds (replacement of the nation's cattle already exist with the nation's new cow) and the activities of agricultural mechanization (replacement of power use cow with engine power to cultivate farmland). Sapi Madura breed (race) local cattle that formed as a result of natural insulation and environmental influences, so as to have uniformity characteristics that stand out among other local breeds of beef cattle in Indonesia. With the contribution of genetic traits zebu cattle as tolerant of stress due to climate and durability against ticks as well as natural selection and rigorous environment over a period of time, then a cow cattle Madura become a nation that had very high adaptability to the environment. Besides, Madura cattle have a good response to the improvement of feed and resistant to feed with a high content of crude fiber (Soehadji, 1993). Benefits of using mtDNA according Duryadi (1994), among others (1) As genetic markers in intraspecific variability studies (inter population) that could provide information both gualitatively and guantitatively: (2) Could be use to track the relatively new events such as the study of natural hybridization between two subspecies, (3) Could be use for a historical reconstruction of genealogy matrilinier a species or between existing populations, (4) to reconstruct phyilogenic of several species that were close together. This study used the D-loop region fragment Madura cattle to get the data so that it could determine the genetic diversity between individual nucleotide composition of Madura cattle and identify its phenotypes. Such data could be use to identify the genetic purity of Madura cattle that exist in the area of Sapudi island, Sumenep, Pamekasan Pamekasan, Sampang, Bangkalan. Preliminary results of a DNA fragment size is 980 bp in D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA that was located in the area of individual mtDNA 15795-16341. Madura cattle had been successfully amplified by PCR using primers BIDLF and BIDLR. The process of seguencing with the Sanger dideoxy method using a primer BIDLF (foward) on the results of PCR successfully read the nucleotide seguence was different each individual cow Madura (BP 716, 756 BP, BP 964, 1098 BP, BP 1113). Keywords: Germplasm, National Beef, Genetic Characters, mtDNA, Genetic Purity

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