Nurul Damayanti (2020) Efek Atorvastatin Terhadap LPL (Lipoprotein Lipase)Dan Profil Lipid Pada Pasien Anak Sindrom Nefrotik Refrakter Dengan Hiperlipidemia (Penelitian dilakukan di Poli Anak Nefrologi RSUD Dr. Soetomo). Thesis thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

	Text (HALAMAN JUDUL) 1. HALAMAN JUDUL.pdf Download (287kB)
	Text (ABSTRACT) 2. ABSTRACT.pdf Download (93kB)
	Text (DAFTAR ISI) 3. DAFTAR ISI.pdf Download (113kB)
	Text (BAB 1) 4. BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN.pdf Download (110kB)
	Text (BAB 2) 5. BAB 2 TINJAUAN KEPUSTAKAAN.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 15 December 2023. Download (677kB) | Request a copy
	Text (BAB 3) 6. BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 15 December 2023. Download (148kB) | Request a copy
	Text (BAB 4) 7. BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 15 December 2023. Download (161kB) | Request a copy
	Text (BAB 5) 8. BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 15 December 2023. Download (139kB) | Request a copy
	Text (BAB 6) 9. BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 15 December 2023. Download (132kB) | Request a copy
	Text (BAB 7) 10. BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 15 December 2023. Download (49kB) | Request a copy
	Text (DAFTAR PUSTAKA) 11. DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf Download (143kB)
	Text (LAMPIRAN) 12. Lampiran.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 15 November 2023. Download (580kB) | Request a copy
	Text (EMBARGO) 13-EMBARGO nurul damayanti.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Download (184kB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia occurs in SN caused by decrease level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). LPL isan enzyme that is directly involved and a determinant rate in lipid metabolism through twocholesterol metabolism pathways. In previous study, lipid lowering agents haven’t alwaysgiven however in the literature, however, in the literature, statin administration remainscontroversial in the condition of refractory nephrotic syndrome. Objectives: To analyze the effect and the relationship of atorvastatin on lipid profiles (total cholesterol,LDL, TG, HDL) and LPL. Methods: This study has met the ethical eligibility with No. 1668/KEPK/XI/2019. A RCT doubleblind, pre and post test control group study of 31 children nephrotic syndrome refracter withhyperlipidemia patients divided into 2 groups. The first group (n = 18 patients) treated withplacebo and the other group (n = 13 patients) treated with atorvastatin. Observations carriedout for four weeks. The efficacy of therapy was measured by lipid profile and LPL.Results: We evaluated after 4 weeks, the total cholesterol and LDL from pre and post therapy of eachgroup show the significant differences (p<0,05). However, TG and HDL did not make asignificant difference. The LPL increased in the atorvastatin group but did not make asignificant difference. There is no significant difference between changes in lipid profile andchanges in LPL levels two group.Conclusion: Atorvastatin therapy significantly decreases total cholesterol and LDL but not in TG. Incontrast to total cholesterol, LDL and TG, administration of atorvastatin increases HDL andLPL. The relationship between LPL levels with total cholesterol, LDL, TG, and HDL levelshas not been proven. 1. Agrawal, S., Zaritsky, J., Fornoni, A. and Smoyer, W. 2018. Dyslipidemia in NephroticSyndrome: Mechanisms and Treatment. Nature Reviews Nephrology, vol 14, pp. 57-70. 2. Alatas, H., Trihono, PP. PP., Tambunan, T &Pardede, S. O. 2012. Konsensus TataLaksanaSindromNefrotikIdiopatikpadaAnak. Jakarta: BadanPenerbitIkatanDokterAnak Indonesia, pp. 1-36. 3. Anandkumar, S et al. 2016. Clinical Efficacy Study of Atorvastatin, Simvastatin andPravastatin in Hyperlipidemic Patients. International Journal of Pharmacy &Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 6 (4), pp. 523-530. 4. Andrade, Junior, M. 2018. Lipoprotein Lipase: A General Review. Insights in EnzymeResearch, vol.2 No.1:3, pp. 1-14. 5. Arshad, A. 2014. Comparison of Low-Dose Rosuvastatin with Atorvastatin in Lipid-Lowering Efficacy and Safety in a High-Risk Pakistani Cohort: An Open-LabelRandomized Trial. Journal of Lipids, pp. 1-5. 6. Astuti, K. D., Muryawan, M. H., Mellyana, O. 2015. Correlation Between Lipid Profile andC-reactive protein in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome. PaediatricaIndonesiana,vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 1-6. 7. Avis HJ, Vissers MN, Stein EA, et al. Asystematic review and meta-analysis of statintherapy in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. ArteriosclerThrombVascBiol. 2007;27(8):1803–1810 8. Avis, H. J., Vissers, M. N., Stein, E. A, et al. 2007. A Systematic Review and Meta Analysisof Statin Therapy in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Arteriosclerosis,Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1803–1810. 9. B., S., B., M., & Joseph, N. 2019. Comparative Study of Lipid Profile Abnormalities in FirstEpisode and Relapse Cases of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome. InternationalJournal of Contemporary Pediatrics, vol 3, pp. 1297-1300. 10. Balakumar, P., &Mahadevan, N. 2012. Interplay between statins and PPARs in improvingcardiovascular outcomes: a double-edged sword?. British journal of pharmacology,165 (2), pp. 373–379. 11. Baxter, J. H., Goodman, H. C., Allen, J. C. 1987. Effects of Infusions of Serum Albumin onSerum Lipids and Lipoprotein in Nephrosis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation,vol. 40 (3), pp. 490-498. 12. Bayly, G. 2014. Lipids and Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism. Clinical Biochemistry :Metabolic and Clinical Aspects, ppp.702-736. 13. Belay, B., Belamarich, PP., & Tom-Revzon, C. 2007. The Use of Statins in Pediatrics:Knowledge Base, Limitations, and Future Directions. Pediatrics, vol. 119 (2), pp.370-380. 14. Bobkova, I., Chebotareva, N., Kozlovskaya, L. and Shilov, E. 2016. Edema in RenalDiseases – Current View on Pathogenesis. Nephrology Point of Care, vol. 2 (1), pp.1-9. 15. Boullart, A. C. I., J. de Graff, Stalenhoef, A. F. 2012. Serum Trygliceride and Risk ofCardiovascular Disease. Biochimica et BiophysicaActa - Molecular and CellBiology of Lipids, vol. 1821 (5), pp. 867-875. 16. Bushara, H. M., Ahmed, E. M. 2006. Hyperlipidemia in Children with Nephrotic Syndromein Khartoum State. Faculty of Medicine. Islamic University. 17. Chan, M. K., Persaud, J.W., Varghese, Z., Moorhead, J. 1984. Post heparin hepatic andlipoprotein lipase activator in nephrotic syndrome. Australian and New ZealandJournal of Medicine, vol. 14 (6), pp. 841-847. 18. Clee SM, Bissada N, Miao F, Miao L, Marais AD, Henderson HE, Steures P et al. 2000.Plasma and vessel wall lipoprotein lipase have different roles in atherosclerosis. JLipid Res, 41(4), pp.521-531 19. Cohen, E. PP., Lippold, C. 2019. Nephrotic Syndrome. Accessed in 08/24/2019https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/244631. 20. David Alpers. 2008. Role of Lipoprotein Lipase in triglyceride metabolism: potentialtherapeutic target. Future Lipidology, vol 4, pp. 385-397. 21. Davidson, M. H. 2011. A systematic review of bile acid sequestrant therapy in children withfamilial hypercholesterolemia. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, vol 5 (2), pp. 76–81. 22. Ding, W. and Saleem, M. 2012. Current Concepts of the Podocyte in Nephrotic Syndrome.Kidney Research and Clinical Practice, vol 2, pp.87-93. 23. Downie, M., Gallibois, C., Parekh, R. and Noone, D. 2017. Nephrotic Syndrome in Infantsand Children: Pathophysiology and Management. Paediatrics and InternationalChild Health, vol 37, pp. 248-258. 24. Dragana N, Andreea Corina, Peter. P. Toth, LubnaHammad&Manfredi Rizzo. 2019.Choosing an ideal pharmacotherapeutic strategy for dyslipidemia in children. ExpertOpinion on Pharmacotherapy, 20(3), pp.241-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2018.1552942 25. Eiland, L. S., Luttrell, PP. K. 2010. Use of Statins for Dyslipidemia in the PediatricPopulation. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Theraupetics, vol 15 (3),pp. 160–172. 26. Endo, K., Miyashita, Y., Saiki, A., Oyama, T. 2004. Atorvastatin and Pravastatin ElevatedPre-heparin Lipoprotein Lipase Mass of Type 2 Diabetes with Hypercholesterolemia.Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, vol 11, pp. 341–347. 27. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Cholesterol Lowering Drugs. 2018. Endotext [Internet]. Availablefrom: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK395573/ 28. Filippas-Ntekouan S, Elisaf M S. 2016. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Dyslipidemia inPatients with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Fresh Look. Hellenic Journal Atherosclerosis,vol 7 (3), pp. 102-110. 29. Floege, J. and Feehally, J. 2010. Introduction to Glomerular Disease. ComprehensiveClinical Nephrology, pp.193-207. 30. Florentin M., Liberopoulos E., Elisaf M. 2008. Ezetimibe-associated adverse effects: whatthe clinician needs to know. International Journal of Clinical Practice, vol. 62 (1),pp. 88–96. 31. Garcia-Rios A, Nikolic D, Perez-Martinez P, et al. 2014. LDL and HDL Subfractions,Dysfunctional HDL: treatment options. Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol 20 (40),pp. 6249–6255. 32. Girona, J., Rodríguez-Borjabad, C., Ibarretxe, D., Heras, M., Amigo, N., Feliu, A., et al.2018. Plasma inducible degrader of the LDLR, soluble low-density lipoproteinreceptor, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels as potentialbiomarkers of familial hypercholesterolemia in children. Journal of ClinicalLipidology, vol 12, ppp.211-218. 33. Gupta, S., Pepper, R., Ashman, N. and Walsh, S. 2019. Nephrotic Syndrome: OedemaFormation and Its Treatment with Diuretics. Frontiers in Physiology, vol 9, pp. 1-10. 34. Hari, PP., Khandelwal, PP., Satpathy, A., Hari, S., Thergaonkar, R., Lakshmy, R., Sinha, A.andBagga, A. 2018. Effect Of Atorvastatin On Dyslipidemia And Carotid Intima-Media Thickness In Children With Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome: A RandomizedControlled Trial. Pediatric Nephrology, vol 33, pp.2299-2309. 35. Heller, F. R., Descampsa, O. S., Hondekijna, J. C., Desager J. PP. 2000. European Journalof Internal Medicine, vol 11, pp.33-38. 36. Huang, Y., &Mahley, R. 2014. Apolipoprotein E: Structure and function in lipidmetabolism, neurobiology, and Alzheimer's diseases. Neurobiology Of Disease, vol72, pp. 3-12. 37. Johnson, R., Floege, J. and Feehally, J. 2019. Introduction to Glomerular Disease.Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology 6th Ed. New York: Hayle Medical. 38. Kaneko, K., Tsuji, S., Kimata, T. et al. 2015. Pathogenesis of childhood idiopathic nephroticsyndrome: a paradigm shift from T-cells to podocytes. World J Pediatr, Vol. 11,pp.21–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-015-0003-9. 39. Karam I., Yang Y. J and Li J. Y. 2017. Hyperlipidemia Background and Progress. SMAtherosclerosis Journal, vol 1 (1), pp. 1003. 40. Kari, J. A., Tashkandi, M., Medhat, A. M., Khoja, S. O., Ramadan, K. S. 2012. Lipoprotein (a) and Other Dyslipidemia in Saudi Children with Nephrotic Syndrome (SSNS andSRNS). Journal of Health Science, vol 2, pp. 57-63. 41. Katzung, B., Kruidering-Hall, M. and Trevor, A. 2019. Katzung& Trevor'spharmacology, 12th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill Education, pp. 359-361.Kaysen, G. & de Sain-van der Velden, M. 1999. New insights into lipid metabolism in thenephrotic syndrome. Kidney International, vol. 56, pp. S18-S21. 42. Kluger, AY, Tecson, KM, Sudhakaran, Sudhakaran, S, Zhang, J et al. 2019. Statin Update:Intolerance, Benefit, and Beyond. Hypertension Journal.https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.johtn.0141 43. Kocher, O. & Krieger, M. 2009. Role of the adaptor protein PDZK1 in controlling the HDLreceptor SR-BI. Current Opinion in Lipidology, vol 20 (3), pp.236-241. 44. Kocher, O., Yesilaltay, A., Shen, C., Zhang, S., Daniels, K., Pal, R., et al. 2008. InfluenceOf PDZK1 On Lipoprotein Metabolism And Atherosclerosis. Biochimica etBiophysicaActa - Molecular Basis of Disease, vol 1782, pp. 310-316. 45. Kong, X., Yuan, H., Fan, J., Li, Z., Wu, T. and Jiang, L. 2013. Lipid-Lowering Agents ForNephrotic Syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, vol 10 (12), pp.1-38. 46. Kusters, D. M., Caceres M, Coll M, et al. 2015. Efficacy and Safety of EzetimibeMonotherapy in Children with Heterozygous Familial or NonfamilialHypercholesterolemia. The Journal of Pediatrics, vol 166 (6), pp. 1377–1378. 47. Langslet, G., Breazna, A. and Drogari, E. 2016. a 3-year Study of Atorvastatin in Childrenand Adolescents with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Journal ofClinical Lipidology, vol 10 (5), pp.1153-1162. 48. Lim J, Lee J, Kim J, Hwang Y, Kim T, Lim S et al. 2017. Comparison of World HealthOrganization and Asia-Pacific body mass index classifications in COPD patients.International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Vol. 12,pp.2465-2475. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S141295 49. Linton MRF, Yancey PG, Davies SS, et al. 2019. The Role of Lipids and Lipoproteins inAtherosclerosis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK343489/ 50. Liu, S. M &Vaziri, N. D., 2013. Role of PCSK9 and IDOL in the Pathogenesis of AcquiredLDL Receptor Deficiency and Hypercholesterolemia in Nephrotic Syndrome.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 29 (3), pp. 538-543. 51. McCrindle, B. W., Ose, L, Marais, A. D. 2003. Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in childrenand adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia or severe hyperlipidemia: amulticenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The Journal of Pediatrics; vol 143(1), pp. 74–80. 52. Miyashita Y, Shirai K, Itoh Y, Sasaki H, Totsuka M, Murano T, and Watanabe H. 2002.Low Lipoprotein Lipase Mass in Preheparin Serum of Type 2 Diabetes MellitusPatients and its Recovery with Insulin Therapy. Diabetes Res ClinPract, 56,pp.181-187 53. Moumita,. G., Laskar, A. 2016. MYLIP/IDOL In Regulation To Cholesterol Metabolism.Indian Journal of Ethnophytopharmaceuticals, vol 2 (1), pp.33-36 54. Niaudet, PP., Matto, T. K., Kim, M. S. 2018. Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, andDiagnosis Of Nephrotic Syndrome In Children. UpToDate 55. Noone, D., Iijima, K. and Parekh, R. 2018. Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Children. TheLancet, vol 392 (10141), pp.61-74. 56. Nourbakhsh, N and Mak, R. 2017. Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: Past and CurrentPerspectives. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, vol 8, pp. 29-37. 57. Nozue, T. 2017. Lipid Lowering Therapy and Circulating PCSK9 Concentration. Journalof Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, vol 24, pp. 895-907. 58. Oesterle, A., Laufs, U. and Liao, J. 2017. Pleiotropic Effects of Statins on the CardiovascularSystem. Circulation Research, vol 120, pp. 229-243. 59. O'Gorman C, S., O'Neill M, B., Conwell L, S. 2010. Considering statins for cholesterolreductionin children if lifestyle and diet changes do not improve their health: a reviewof the risks and benefits. Vasc Health Risk Manag, 20 (7), pp. 1-14. 60. Olivecrona, G. 2016. Role of lipoprotein lipase in lipid metabolism. Current Opinion inLipidology, vol 2, pp. 233-241. 61. Paola M, Moreno R, Garcia P. 2011. Characteristics of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome at anunusual age in a tertiary-level pediatric hospital in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. BolMed Hosp Infant Mex, Vol. 68, pp.250-256 62. Pottel H, Hoste L, Delanaye P. 2014. Abnormal glomerular filtration rate in children,adolescents and young adults starts below 75 mL/min/1.73 m2. PediatricNephrology, 30(5), pp.821-828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-014-3002-5 63. Pramana, PD., Mayetti, Kadri, H.. 2013. Hubunganantara Proteinuria danHipoalbuminemiapadaAnakdenganSindromNefrotik yang Dirawat di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padangperiode 2009-2012. JurnalKesehatanAndalas, Vol. 2, pp.1-2. 64. Querfeld U, Kohl B, Fiehn W, Minor T, Michalk D, Schaarer K, Muller-Wiefel DE. 1999.Probucol for treatment of hyperlipidemia in persistent childhood nephrotic syndrome.Report of a prospective uncontrolled multicenter study. Pediatric Nephrology, vol 13(1), pp. 7-12. 65. Rader, D. J., Hobbs, H. H. 2015. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th edition,pp. 3215-3219. 66. Radhakrishnan, J., Glassock, R. J., Rovin, B. H. & Lam, A. Q., 2018. Lipid Abnormalitiesin Nephrotic Syndrome. UptoDate. 67. Rinsho, N. 2004. Refractory nephrotic syndrome. PubMed, vol 62 (10), pp. 1794-1799. 68. Rosenson, R. S., Freeman, M. W., Saperia, G. M. 2018. Statins: Actions, Side Effects, andAdministration. UptoDate. 69. SareGülfemÖzlü, GülayDemircin, NazanTökmeci, AysunÇaltık Yılmaz, ÖzlemAydoğ,Mehmet Bülbül& Ayşe Öner. 2015. Long-term prognosis of idiopathic nephroticsyndrome in children, Renal Failure, 37:4, pp.672-677.https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022X.2015.1010940 70. Sasaki M, Terao Y, Ayaori M, et al. 2014. Hepatic overexpression of idol increasescirculating protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in mice and hamsters via dualmechanisms: sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and lowdensity lipoproteinreceptor-dependent pathways. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology,vol 34 (6), pp. 1171–1178. 71. Schachter, M. 2004. Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties ofstatins: an update. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, Vol. 19 (1), pp. 117-125. 72. Schachter, M. 2004. Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins:an update. Blackwell Publishing Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, Vol. 19,pp.117-125. 73. Schilling, J. A., Moreau, D., Robinson, J. M et al. 2005. Pathophysiology a 2-in-1Reference for Nurses. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 544-546. 74. Schneck, D. W., Birmingham, B. K., Zalikowski, J. A., et al. 2004. The effect of gemfibrozilon the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics,vol 75, pp. 455-463. 75. Schwartz G, Work D. 2009. Measurement and Estimation of GFR in Children andAdolescents. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Vol. 4(11),pp.1832-1843. https;//doi.org/10.2215/CJN.01640309. 76. Siddall, E. &Radhakrishnan, J. 2012. The pathophysiology of edema formation in thenephrotic syndrome. Kidney International, vol 82, pp. 635-642. 77. Sorrentino, V., Fouchier, S., Motazacker, M., Nelson, J., Defesche, J., Dallinga-Thie, G.,Kastelein, J., KeesHovingh, G. and Zelcer, N. 2013. Identification of a loss-offunctioninducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor variant inindividuals with low circulating low-density lipoprotein. European Heart Journal,vol 34, pp. 1292-1297. 78. Srinivasa, R.K., Prasad, T., Mohanta G.PP., Manna PP.K., 2011. An overview of statins ashypolipidemic drugs. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and DrugResearch, vol. 3, pp.178-183. 79. Stancu, C. and Sima, A. 2001. Statins: mechanism of action and effects. Journal of Cellularand Molecular Medicine, vol 5, pp. 378-387. 80. Takahashi, S., Hiromura, K., Tsukida, M., Ohishi, Y., et al. 2013. Nephrotic Syndromecaused by Immune-Mediated Acquired LCAT Deficiency. Journal of the AmericanSociety of Nephrology, vol 24, pp. 1305-1312. 81. Tapia C, Bashir K. 2019. Nephrotic Syndrome. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470444/ 82. Tkachenko, O. O., Scherier, R., Shchekochikhin, D. 2013. The Nephrotic Syndrome:Pathogenesis and Treatment of Edema Formation and Secondary Complications.Pediatric Nephrology, vol 29 (7), pp. 1159-1167. 83. Vaziri, N. D. 2016. Disorders Of Lipid Metabolism In Nephrotic Syndrome: MechanismsAnd Consequences. Kidney International, vol 90 (1), pp. 41-52. 84. Vaziri, N. D., Liang, K. 2002. Upregulation of AcylcoenzymeA : CholesterolAcyltransferase (ACAT) in Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney International, vol. 61, pp.1769–1775. 85. Vidianty J, Pardede S, Hendarto A, Akib A. 2010. Obesity in Children with Frequent Relapseand Steroid Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome. PaediatricaIndonesiana, Vol. 50(3),pp.139. https://doi.org//10.14238/pi50.3.2010.139-43 86. Viswanath, D. 2013. Nephrotic Syndrome in Children. Journal of Indian Academy of OralMedicine and Radiology, vol 25 (1), pp.18-23. 87. Wang, C. S., Hartsuck, J., &McConathy, W. J. 1992. Structure and Fuctional Properties ofLipoprotein Lipase. Biochimica et BiophysicaActa-Lipids and Lipid metabolism,vol 1123 (1), pp. 1-17. 88. Wang, H., Garruti, G., Liu, M., Portincasa, PP. & Wang, D. 2017. Cholesterol andLipoprotein Metabolism and Atherosclerosis: Recent Advances in ReverseCholesterol Transport. Annals of Hepatology, vol 16, pp. S27-S42. 89. Wang, X., Wang, L., Tu, Y., & Zhang, Y. 2018. Traditional Chinese Medicine for RefractoryNephrotic Syndrome: Strategies and Promising Treatments. Evidence-BasedComplementary and Alternative Medicine, vol 2018, pp. 1-11. 90. Weissel, RC. 2002. Body Mass Index as an Indicator of Obesity. Asia Pacific J ClinNutr,Vol. 11, pp.S681–S684. 91. Wirya WIGN. 2002. SindromNefrotik. In: Alatas H, Tambunan T, Trihono PP,(penyunting). Buku ajar nefrologianakjilid 2. Jakarta: BalaiPenerbit FKUI, pp. 382-419. 92. Yang J, Kim T, Koo B, Park B, Park J. 1999. Change of plasma lipoproteins by heparinreleasedlipoprotein lipase. Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 31(2), pp.60-64. 93. Yoon, J. 2014. Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents: When and How to Diagnose andTreat?.Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology& Nutrition, vol 17 (2), pp. 85-92. 94. Zhang, C. P et al. 2015. IDOL, Inducible Degrader Of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor,Serves As A Potential Therapeutic Target For Dyslipidemia. Medical Hypotheses,vol 86, pp. 138-142 95. Zhang, L., Reue, K., Fong, L., Young, S. and Tontonoz, PP. 2012. Feedback Regulation ofCholesterol Uptake by the LXR–IDOL–LDLR Axis. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis,and Vascular Biology, vol 32 (11), pp. 2541-2546. 96. Zillerudo G, Sung, L., Freeundich, M., Strauss, J. 1984. Persistence of serum lipidabnormalities in chidlren with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The Journal ofPediatrics, vol 104 (1), pp. 61-65.

Actions (login required)

View Item