Hanik Badriyah Hidayati, - and Purwo Sri Rejeki, - and Lilik Herawati, - and Susi Wahyuning Asih, - and Suhartati, - and Siti Khaerunnisa, - (2021) Swimming Improves Memory Function and Decreases N-Methyl-D-Aspartate in Ageing Rats. International Medical Journal, 15 (4). pp. 1264-1269. ISSN 0973-9130

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Abstract

A single Memory impairment substantially reduces the quality of life in the elderly. It is associated with the alteration of neurotrophic (NT) factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Exercise is often used to reduce cognitive impairment. Previous studies show that the benefits of aerobic exercises on such impairments are correlated with increasing BDNF and preventing the production of NMDA. However, some results remain controversial. Thus, the association between exercise and Memory was addressed by examining increases in BDNF and the reduction of NMDA in ageing rats. The study used a randomized, post-test-only controlled group of 30 male one-year-old ageing Rattus norvegicus divided into three groups, namely, K0 (control) and K1 and K2 (aerobic swimming exercise). K1 and K2 animals differed in the frequency of exercise, which is three and four sessions per week, respectively. Memory was assessed using Y-maze performance. BDNF and NMDA were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A significant improvement in memory function and reduction in the NMDA level were observed in K1 and K2 group rats (p = 0.001; p = 0.041). No significant impact on the BDNF levels was observed (p = 0.387). Swimming may boost Memory by reducing the NMDA level but not by increasing BDNF. Swimming is a promising method for preventing or delaying memory loss in degenerative brain diseases. Further investigation is needed to fully understand underlying mechanisms.

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