Irene Kai Ru Tiong, ,- and Thilahgavani Nagappan, ,- and Mohd Effendy Abdul Wahid, ,- and Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad, ,- and Toda Tatsuki, ,- and Woro Hastuti Satyantini, ,- and Gunanti Mahasri, ,- and Patrick Sorgeloos, ,- and Yeong Yik Sung, ,- (2020) Antioxidant capacity of five microalgae species and their effect on heat shock protein 70 expression in the brine shrimp Artemia. Aquculture Reports, 18 (1). pp. 1-8. ISSN 2352-5134

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Abstract

Oxidative stress caused by chemicals brings about mass mortalities in aquatic organisms and in this context, antioxidants and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) stimulating compounds represent potential alternatives to alleviate this problem during aquaculture. The antioxidant capacity and efficacies of five Malaysian indigenous microalgae, namely Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Messastrum gracile, Desmodesmus subspicatus and Parachlorella kessleri to regulate Hsp70 expression in the brine shrimp Artemia, an important live food species,wereexamined.A.pyrenoidosacontainedthehighesttotalphenoland flavonoidcontent(48.3mgGAE/g extract and 34.7mgQE/g) across allthe microalgae examined inthis study, whereas the lowest occurred withC. vulgaris (24.4 mg GAE/g extract and 14.0 mg QE/g). The ferric reducing antioxidant power of A. pyrenoidosa, C. vulgaris, M. gracile, D. subspicatus and P. kessleri respectively stood at 0.78, 0.62, 1.01, 0.77 and 0.68 ferrous equivalents (mM), with trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay revealed that A. pyrenoidosa possessed the highest scavenging activity at 1 mg/mL concentration. Interestingly, application of 1.0–2.0 × 106 cells/mL C. vulgaris,M.gracile,D.subspicatus,andP.kessleriasfeedenhancedHsp70accumulation inArtemia,indicatingthat these microalgae consist stimulating compound(s) which potentially promote the synthesis of the 70-kDa stress protein in this crustacean species. Taken together, results from this study revealed that microalgae possess various antioxidant properties and coupled with their abilities to induce Hsp70, they are potential oxidative stress control alternatives in Artemia and perhaps other aquatic organisms used in aquaculture.

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