Tito Sumarwoto, - and Heri Suroto, - and Ferdiansyah Mahyudin, - and Dwikora Novembri Utomo, - and Romaniyanto, - and Andhi Prijosedjati, - and Pamudji Utomo, - and Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa, - and Fedik Abdul Rantam, - and Damayanti Tinduh, - and Hari Basuki Notobroto, - and Sholahuddin Rhatomy, - (2021) Preconditioning of Hypoxic Culture Increases The Therapeutic Potential of Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 31 (9). ISSN 1857-9655

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Abstract

Various in vitro preconditioning strategies have been implemented to increase the regenerative capacity of MSCs. Among them are modulation of culture atmosphere (hypoxia or anoxia), three-dimensional culture (3D), addition of trophic factors (in the form of growth factors, cytokines or hormones), lipopolysaccharides, and pharmacological agents. Preconditioning mesenchymal stem cells by culturing them in a hypoxic environment, which resembles the natural oxygen environment of the tissues (1% –7%) and not with standard culture conditions (21%), increases the survival of these cells via Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1a) and via Akt-dependent mechanisms. In addition, the hypoxic precondition stimulates the secretion of pro-angiogenic growth factors, increases the expression of chemokines SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor-1) and its receptor CXCR4 (chemokine receptor type 4) - CXCR7 (chemokine receptor type 7) and increases engraftment of stem cell. This review aims to provide an overview of the preconditioned hypoxic treatment to increase the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

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