Kumboyono, - and indah nur chomsy, - and Agustin Iskandar, - (2022) The Potential Predictive Role of Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-1β, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 for COVID-19 Patients Survival. Infection and Drug Resistance, 15 (-). pp. 821-829. ISSN 1178-6973

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Abstract

Background: Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are early phase cytokines often encountered when the body is exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated-coronavirus-2. TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 are pro-inflammatory cytokines critical in the defence response against systemic infection and injury. Therefore, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 are the most aggressive responses to viral infections in the acute phase, so they can be used to determine the survival of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 as predictors of survival for COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on confirmed COVID-19 by a reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) in 84 adults admitted to the hospital in Indonesia. TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 level were measured from serum subjects using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The results from logistic regression modelling of the survival status of COVID-19 patients based on TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 levels were significant (p-value=0.024). The predictors of all cytokines had P Wald < 0.05, so the three cytokines could be used simultaneously to predict the survival status of COVID-19 patients. MCP-1 has the most dominant risk relative value (2.76; 95% CI; 2.53– 4.68) compared to TNF-α and IL-1β in predicting patient survival. Conclusion: TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 as markers of acute systemic inflammatory cytokines can be measured at the beginning of hospitalisation of COVID-19 patients for early diagnosis of disease severity so that healthcare professionals can determine clinical guidance needs for therapeutic programs.

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