SOEPARDI SARIOHARTONO, - (1997) KAITAN ANTARA MAKLUMAT WAKIL PRESIDEN RI NOMOR X TANGGAL 16 OKTOBER 1945 DENGAN PERJANJIAN LINGGARJATI DALAM PERJUANGAN KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA (Suatu studi tentang Interaksi Konteks Ekonomi - Politik Domestik dan Internasional dengan Diplomasi untuk Mendapatkan Pengakuan Dunia Internasional) TAHUN 1945-1947. Disertasi thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

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Abstract

The Independence of Indonesia had been dreamt for a long time by the people of Indonesia. After the World War II the international and national situation brought the posisibility for nation to make the dream come true. By using the third principe of Atlantic Charter and the vacuum of power in Indonesia, Soekarno-Hatta as the representative of the Indonesian people proclaimed the independence of the nation on August 17, 1945. The people of Indonesia supported this action. They agreed to !:upport SoekarnoHatta to defend the existence of the nation from interference not only internal but also external. But on the other hand, the Dutch government denied the proclamation. The conflict couldn't be avoided and, as the result, the Dutch was ready to attack Indonesia. Soekamo-Hatta, in this case, tried to finish this conflict by negotiating with the Dutch under the surveillance of the UN's Security Council dealing with the United Nations Charter paragraph 2 article 3. The Dutch government itself by using the fourth paragraph of Aturan Peralihan vvn '45 claimed the Republic of Indonesia as a fascist by negotiating with the Indonesian government. Therefore, Soekarno-Hatta finally changed the fourth paragraph of Aturan Peralihan, in order not to interfere the road to negotiation, to become the Declaration of the Vice Presiden of the Republic of Indonesia No. X on October 16, 1945. England and United States of America, in this case, kept on forcing the Dutch xii IR - PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA DISERTASI KAITAN ANTARA MAKLUMAT WAKIL PRESIDEN RI... SOEPARDI SARIOHARTONO to finish the conflict by negotiating with the government of Indonesia. The Dutch finally could accept this idea and in the moment, the Linggarjati Treaty was finally signed on March 25, 1947. But on July 21, 1947 the Dutch denied the treaty and made a military action on Indonesia which was famous as the First Agression. The great war arose. In this situation, the United Nations Security Council claimed that the war shouldn't be happening for it could interfere the world peace. So, from that moment, the UN Security Council would handle any actions dealing with the finishing of the conflict. In this case, the Commission of the Three Nations or Komisi Tiga Negara was formed to supervise the Renville Treaty. On December 19, 1948 the Dutch again made a second military action, known as the Second Agression, to attack Indonesia. Yogyakarta was conquered and the President, Vice President and several ministers we~e put. on prison. The United Nation Security Council again forced the negotiation between Indonesia-Dutch under the supervision of UNCI (United nations Commission for Indonesia). The negotiation was famous as the Round Table Conference (Konferensi Meja Bundar) which was held in Holland in October-November 1949. The important point of the KMB itself was that the Dutch government finally recognized the sovereignity of the IUS on December 27, 1949. The Republik Indonesia Serikat itself, later on, was reformed to become the integrity of the Republic of Indonesia which, in the other words, is the Republic of Indonesia. Conclusion: The existence of the Republic of Indonesia was succesfully being defended based on the diplomacy and was backed up by the Military power and the people of Indonesia.

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