Sugeng Pujileksono, - (2012) Total Negotiated Order Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan : (Studi Fenomenologl tenting Ptnglflmln Petugas dan Narapidana dalam Negotiated Order di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas I Lowokwaru Malang). Doctoral thesis, -.

Text (FULLTEXT) 29. KK-2 DIS. Sugeng Pujilaksono.pdf Download (14MB)

Abstract

A prison (correctional institution) is a unique, closed, and isolated community. Clemmer addressed a correctional institution as both a microcosmic society and a school for crime, while Sykes suggested a type of independent society as the definition. Futher, a contemporary sociologist, Goffinan, viewed the correctional institutions as a total institution or asylum due to the authority control over most of residents' behavior. The residents were classified into two distinctive social groups, corrections officers and inmates. Corrections officers performed a social group with the power and authority to control the inmates' daily activity, while inmates are those without freedom due to their criminal or law offense. The dynamic interactions between inmates and officers comprise of cooperation, compromise, and conflicts. Accordingly, the study focused on the negotiation for the consideration that, in many cases, it created negotiated orders in the correctional institutions. Further, the negotiated order created social order rather than nonnative and formal rules or orders. The study aimed at (a) investigating the motives in negotiations, (b) investigating and describing social constructions of the inmates and officers in the negotiations and negotiated orders. (c) investigating and describing the "drama" of negotiating process made by the inmates and officers in prison, (d) describing types of negotiated orders in the prison. The study focused on the understanding and the experience of the intimates and officers engaging in the negotiations in which the negotiated orders were established. Therefore, the study employed phenomenological research method. Phenomenological research method was able to reveal and recall the social reality experienced by the research subjects. In addition, it was able to reveal the research subjects' (the inmates and officers) understanding of their social reality. The study employed some relevant theories to analyze the social reality; they were Schutz's Phenomenological Theory, Berger's Social Construction Theory, and Goffman' Dramaturgy Theory. Phenomenological Theory analyzed the motives in negotiations made by the inmates and officers in the prison. Social Construction Theory analyzed the social constructions of by the inmates and officers in the negotiations and negotiated order in the prison. Dramaturgy Theory analyzed the practices of the negotiations made by the inmates and officers in the prison. In addition, theoretical analysis employed some theories of Prison Sociology, such as: Clemmer's Prisonization Theory, Sykes' Society of Captives, Irwin's Importation Theory, and F oucoult' s Panopticon Theory. The field findings and the theoretical analysis led to some conclusions. First, the inmates were categorized into rich prisoners, glundung (neutral) prisoners, and yes-man prisoners. The officers were categorized into carer (bapak wali) officers, father-like (bapak-bapakan) officers, and naughty officers. Both the inmates and officers performed dynamic interaction in the negotiations. The inmate classified in any category could interact with the officer classified in any category since the negotiations were the social process to meet the agreement. For example, when a rich inmate could not negotiate with a carer officer, he might negotiate with fatherlike officers, or naughty officers, and vice versa. Both sides were "vigilant" in conducting the interactions. Second, the inmates' motives III negotiating with the officers were Past Motive referring to Outside Motive, Present Motive referring to At the Moment motive, and Future Motive referring to Inside Motive. Meanwhile, the officers' motives in negotiating with the inmates were Past Motive referring to Because Motive, Present Motive referring to So that motive, and Future Motive referring to For Motive. In conclusion, the motives of both the inmates and the officers in the negotiations were classified into three time dimensions; they were past (experience), present (interest), and future (purpose).

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