Aqeyl Omarmakki Tazakka, - (2026) How School Belonging Influences the Mental Health and Well-Being of Adolescents. Repository Universitas Airlangga. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Adolescence is a critical developmental period due to increased vulnerability of mental health difficulties such as depression, anxiety, and loneliness. However, the role of schools in adolescents’ social and emotional development is crucial, taking an important factor in understanding mental health outcomes. This brief overview examines how school influences adolescent mental health and well-being, explains the theory and attachment frameworks. A thematic synthesis of peer-reviewed studies indicates that higher levels of perceived school belonging are consistently associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, loneliness, and behavioural difficulties, alongside greater emotional resilience and prosocial behavior. Although school belonging remained protective during remote learning, evidence suggests that digital contexts may be less effective in meeting adolescents’ relational needs. Overall, the finding highlights school belonging as a key component of school-based mental health promotion and underscores the importance of fostering inclusive and supportive school environments to enhance adolescent well-being.

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