Pradhevi, Lukita and Soegiarto, Gatot and Wulandari, Laksmi and Lusida, Michael Austin Pradipta and Saefudin, Rendra Prasetya and Vincent, Agustinus (2025) Risk Factors of COVID-19 Mortality in Elderly Patients. Aging Medicine and Healthcare, 16 (4). 334 - 339. ISSN 09737510

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Abstract

Background/Purpose: Older age is thought to have an impact on both the risk of COVID-19 mortality and the severity of the illness. Lower immunity levels and/or age-related chronic medical disorders could be a feasible explanation for this. Unfortunately, there is currently little information available about the clinical traits of older COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in elderly. Methods: We included 312 COVID-19 confirmed patients aged 60 years or older who were admitted to the Internal Medicine Ward between July 2021 and December 2022. This was a single-center study and a case control in design, which died participants were classified as case group and survived participants were classified as control group. Patients against medical advice, aged <60 years, and repeated COVID-19 infections were not included. Results: 149 (47.8) patients survived and 163 (52.2) patients died. The majority of individuals (86.2) had moderate to severe COVID-19 infection, and 95.2 had pneumonia. Variables significantly associated with mortality in bivariate analyses were age (p = 0.046), incidence of pneumonia (p < 0.001), severity of COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001), stages of CKD (p = 0.003), hypertension classification (p = 0.001), diabetes classification (p < 0.001), number of comorbidities (p < 0.001), and number of vaccines (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Age > 80 years old, male, diabetes mellitus, stage 2 and 3 of hypertension, and obesity class 2 increased the risk of COVID-19 mortality, while number of COVID-19 vaccinations reducing the COVID-19 death. © 2025, Asian Association for Frailty and Sarcopenia and Taiwan Association for Integrated Care.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Cited by: 0; All Open Access; Gold Open Access
Uncontrolled Keywords:	aged; Article; bivariate analysis; blood pressure; body mass; case control study; controlled study; coronavirus disease 2019; death; disease severity; female; glomerular filtration barrier; hospital admission; human; hypertension; incidence; major clinical study; male; mortality; nasopharyngeal swab; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; risk factor; Taiwan; very elderly
Subjects:	R Medicine
Divisions:	Artikel Ilmiah > SCOPUS INDEXED JOURNAL
Creators:	Creators NIM Pradhevi, Lukita UNSPECIFIED Soegiarto, Gatot UNSPECIFIED Wulandari, Laksmi UNSPECIFIED Lusida, Michael Austin Pradipta UNSPECIFIED Saefudin, Rendra Prasetya UNSPECIFIED Vincent, Agustinus UNSPECIFIED
Depositing User:	Nurma Harumiaty
Date Deposited:	02 Oct 2026 02:29
Last Modified:	02 Oct 2026 02:29
URI:	http://repository.unair.ac.id/id/eprint/145960
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