Khairoh, Miftahul and Prayitno, Adi and Maslachah, Lilik and Soetrisno, Soetrisno and Dirgahayu, Paramasari and Pamungkasari, Eti P. (2025) Antimalarial and Antioxidant Effects of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) Fruit Fraction in Plasmodium bergheiâInfected Pregnant Mice. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 9 (11). 5398 - 5405. ISSN 26160684

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Abstract

Malaria in pregnancy constitutes a principal factor in the enduring prevalence of significant maternal and foetal illness and fatality. This study investigated the potential of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) fruit fraction in modulating TNF-α, preserving placental spiral artery integrity, and improving foetal outcomes in Plasmodium berghei-infected pregnant mice. A true experimental design was conducted using second-trimester pregnant mice (n = 5 per group), which were infected with the P. berghei ANKA strain. Each mouse was administered an intraperitoneal dose of 0.2 mL phosphate-buffered saline comprising roughly 1 à 10ⶠparasitized red blood cells obtained from donor mice with 20â30 parasitaemia. The animals were categorized into six groups: normal control (K1), infected untreated (K2), drug control treated with dihydroartemisininâ piperaquine (5 mg/kg body weight, oral), and three treatment groups receiving Syzygium cumini fruit (SCF) fraction at doses of 600 mg/kg (P1), 800 mg/kg (P2), and 1200 mg/kg (P3). Placental TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in all treatment groups compared with the infected control (K2), with the greatest reduction observed at 1200 mg/kg (P3, p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that P2 and P3 significantly improved spiral artery diameter and wall thickness, while P1 produced moderate changes. Foetal body length increased significantly in all treatment groups (p < 0.05), and foetal weight in P3 approached the normal control (K1). The (SCF) fraction demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and improved placental function and supported foetal growth. These findings demonstrate its potential as a complementary natural therapeutic agent for managing malaria-associated complications during pregnancy. © 2025 Khairoh et al.

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