Eva Nur Mazidah, 120710209 (2011) ANALYSIS ON THE USE OF ARGUMENTATION IN HIGH SCHOOL DEBATE COMPETITION BY THE MOTION THIS HOUSE WILL BAN JUNK FOOD. Skripsi thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

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Abstract

Lately many debate competitions are held in East Java especially for high school students. Focusing on the use of argumentation used by four high school debaters under a certain topic in semi final round of a competition, this study analyzes their spoken arguments by applying Toulmin’s layout of arguments which is commonly applied in analyzing written text and spoken argument in judicial courts. Toulmin’s layout of arguments consists of six characteristics such as claim, ground, warrant, backing, rebuttal, and qualifier. Speakers who are able to use all characteristics to make arguments are considered to have made sound arguments. These good arguments mean effective arguments because they can provide logics to their audience. Therefore, their arguments are identified based on six characteristics of Toulmin’s layout of arguments to know the characteristics of argumentation used and flaws made by debaters is seen from the completeness of layout of arguments. The findings show that they have frequently made arguments as proposed by Toulmin’s theory. Many of their argumentations fulfill the characteristics of layout of arguments. However, some argumentations have failed to complete the layout of arguments and they are considered flaws due to the incompleteness of Toulmin’s six characteristics. Flaws on their argumentations are mostly about adding warrant, backing and qualifier. Besides, there are also some floating characteristics in the layout of argument for instance signposting resulted in a claim, rebuttal resembling a claim and a claim repetition within an argumentation. Other findings, students also take for granted their knowledge and ideas to make argumentation and overgeneralize them to the audience. As the results, there are generalization, extension and vague. Besides that, students also often make mistakes by making unstructured argumentations which result in jumbled ideas

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