ARI WAHYUDI, 090710401 D (2013) MODAL SOSIAL DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN Studi Pelaksanaan Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Perkotaan. Disertasi thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

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Abstract

This dissertation research carries out an indepth investigation on the National Program for Community Empowerment (PNPM) Independent Urban associated with efforts to create bonding, bridging and linking social capital of the poor. The specific formulation of the problem is: (1) Is it true that bonding, bridging and linking social capital is avalable for the poor?, (2) Is it true that PNPM Independent Urban is able to create bonding, bridging and linking social capital for the poor?. The purpose of this study is: (1) to know whether or not the bonding, bridging and linking social capital is avalable for the poor, and (2) to know whether PNPM Independent Urban is able to create bonding, bridging and linking social capital for the poor. The study perspective is the sociology of development. The study was conducted in five villages in Mojokerto district, Mojokerto regency, namely: Sarirejo, Mojosari, Wonokusumo, Sawahan and Kauman villages. The research subjects were purposively determined; that is 20 subjects who were, at the time of this study, members of BKM (Social Self-reliance Agent), KSM (Social Self-reliance Group) and 18 subjetcs who received physical or social assistance. So, the overall number of the research subjects was 38 people. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using explanatory, flow analysis model. The results of this research show: (1) bonding, bridging, and linking social capital will continue to exist in poor communities where commitments can be an element of social capital; (2) as long as the government in its attempts to empower poor communities still is still project- based and utilizes external funding, the position of the government will be weak. This will have an impact on public confidence in the government's weakness, and ultimately bonding, bridging, and linking social capital cannot be created for the poor. The conclusions of the results of the study are: (1) bonding, bridging, and linking social capital is owned by the poor, who are on the typology of open society. The three elements of social capital will remain avalilable for the poor if the commitment fused into elements of social capital; (2) any form of the government programs (including the PNPM Independent Urban), as long as they are project-based and utilize external funding, they will not be able to create social capital for the poor. The recommendations given are: (1) the role of the government should set the ball game but did not control the ball, meaning that the role of multiple stakeholders is really optimized for the development process, not a monopoly nor demonopolisation; (2) for the target PNPM Independent Urban, do not believe in the implementation of the program on local consultants at the village or district level (village or sub-district facilitators), because it will repeat old mistakes where a development program is more project-based than relying on the power of the community itself.

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