Maria Maramis, Margarita (2015) Biomarker of Bipolar Disorder. In: Bipolar and Related Disorder Today: The Unified Efforts in Basic Sciences, Clinical Practices and Community Initiatives. Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Jiwa Fakultas Kedokteran Unair, Fakultas Kedokteran Unair, pp. 68-79. ISBN 978-602-1302-20-0
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a medical illness characterized by recurrent episodes of mania or hypomania and major depression. Present in all cultures and races with a similar prevalence of 1.6%. Studies that considered all the range of bipolor spectrum, report a lifetime prevalence fiuctuating between 3.7 % and 6 %. Despite its debilitating symptoms, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) remains unclear. BD is often misdiagnosed or tardily detected, leading to inadequate treatment and devastating consequences. The identification of objective biomarkers, such asfunctional and structural brain abnormalities of BD might improve diagnosis and help elucidate its pathophysiology, easily to detect and predict treatment response and prognosis. The development of diagnostic biomarkers for psychiatric disorders is a significant challenge and needed. Diagnosing psychiatric disorders are based on clinical observations of behavioral changes. Some biomarker i.e. gene, epigenetics, hormone and other blood markers, neuroimaging and neurophysiology are candidate of biomarker for BD.
| Item Type: | Book Section | ||||
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bipolar disorders, Diagnosting,Biomarkers | ||||
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC554-569.5 Personality disorders. Behavior problems Including sexual problems, drug abuse,suicide, child abuse | ||||
| Divisions: | 01. Fakultas Kedokteran > Ilmu Kedokteran Jiwa | ||||
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| Depositing User: | Bayu Yulianti | ||||
| Date Deposited: | 20 Mar 2017 18:16 | ||||
| Last Modified: | 20 Mar 2017 18:16 | ||||
| URI: | http://repository.unair.ac.id/id/eprint/55003 | ||||
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