SHEILA ADE RETNO CAHYANI, 051411131027 (2018) STUDI PENGGUNAAN ANALGESIK KASUS ORTHOPEDI PADA PASIEN FRAKTUR TERBUKA TIPE II Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Airlangga.

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Abstract

A fracture is a complete or incomplete disruption in the continuity of bone structure and can be defined according to its type and extent. It can be caused by direct blow, crushing, twisting motion, or even extreme muscle contractions. One of the clinical manifestations of the fracture is severe pain, for which remedy analgesics are necessary. According to WHO’s 3- step ”ladder”, pain treatment starts with the analgesics from the least to the most potent. The aims in this study were to examine the use of analgesics in regards to the type, dose, route, and duration of administration as well as to analyze the presence of DRP related to the use of analgesics in type II open fracture patients. Data were obtained retrospectively using time limited sampling method within period of January 2014 to December 2017 in Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya. The results showed that 49 patients were diagnosed with type II open fractures. Ketorolac (3x30mg) IV was the most used analgesic (38%) and Ketorolac (3x30mg) IV with Tramadol (3x100mg) IV was the most used analgesics combination (56%). The most route of administration was intravenous (93%). Identified Drug Related Problems (DRPs) were potential drug interaction between Tramadol and Ranitidine (43%) which can cause respiratory depression. Overall, the use of analgesics did not meet the WHO ‘3-Step ladder’ guidelines.

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