Suryani Dyah Astuti, NIDN. 0008046902 and Indira Wastu Widya and Deny Arifianto and Retna Apsari, NIDN. 0026066802 (2019) Effectiveness Photodynamic Inactivation with Wide Spectrum Range of Diode Laser to Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria with Endogenous Photosensitizer: an in vitro study. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 12 (2). pp. 481-486. ISSN 1309-100x

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Abstract

Background/Purpose: Infection is a disease caused by the invasion of pathogenic bacteria or microorganisms that breed on the wound. Infectious bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus can cause wound infections. Systemic therapy using antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance. Meanwhile, bacteria naturally produce light-sensitive porphyrins, as endogenous photosensitizer. Light irradiance with suitable wavelength spectrum to the spectral absorption of porphyrin with the proper irradiation energy Density can cause inactivation of bacterial cells. This study aims to determine effectiveness photodynamic inactivation with wide spectrum range of diode laser 405 nm to inactivate the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with endogenous photosensitizer. Material and methods: In order to determine the role of energy density of diode laser to activate the endogenous photosensitizer porphyrin in bacteria, the study was divided into two parts: 1) characterization of diode laser light source and absorption spectrum of endogenous photosensitizer Staphylococcus aureus, 2) determine the antimicrobial effect of diode laser with endogenous photosensitizer. Combination treatment were divided into the following experimental groups: C group for the control group without laser irradiation treatment and T group for groups with laser irradiation at various exposure time (120; 150; 180, 210; 240; 270) s. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and the Tukey test with P value ≤0.05.. Results: The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the laser treatments at 120 s exposure time, as well as on treatments with 180 s and 210 s. Treatment of laser exposure resulting in significant differences in bacteria survival of 0.00 (P <0.05) at 150 s, 270 s and 240 s laser exposure time. 240 s laser exposure time with energy density of 55.02 J/cm2 resulted in the lowest bacteria survival of 5.89 log CFU/ml with a 55.22% reduction in bacterial reduction, which was significantly different from the other treatment groups. Conclusion: The suitability between wavelength of the diode laser with photosensitizer’s absorption spectrum plays an important role in bacterial inactivation.The more precisely the absorption of photon light energy, the more photosensitizer will be activated to produce various reactive oxygen species that have an effect on the number of bacterial deaths.

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