Alex Kappel Kørup and Jens Søndergaard and Giancarlo Lucchetti and Parameshwaran Ramakrishnan and Klaus Baumann and Eunmi Lee and Eckhard Frick and Arndt Büssing and Nada A. Alyousefi and Azimatul Karimah and Esther Schouten and Inga Wermuth and Niels Christian Hvidt (2019) Religious values of physicians affect their clinical practice A meta-analysis of individual participant data from 7 countries. Medicine, 98 (38). pp. 1-8. ISSN 22241182

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Abstract

Background: Observational studies indicate that religious values of physicians influence clinical practice. The aim of this study was to test prior hypotheses of prevalence of this influence using a meta-analysis design. Methods: Based on a systematic literature search we performed individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) on data based on 2 preselected questionnaires. Ten samples from 7 countries remained after exclusion (n = 3342). IPDMA was performed using a random-effects model with 2 summary measures: the mean value of the scale “Religiosity of Health Professionals”; and a dichotomized value of the question “My religious beliefs influence my practice of medicine.” Also, a sensitivity analysis was performed using a mixed-models design controlling for confounders. Results: Mean score of religiosity (95% confidence interval [CI]) was significantly lower in the European subgroup (8.46 [6.96–9.96]) compared with the Asian samples India (10.46 [9.82–10.21]) and Indonesia (12.52 [12.19–12.84]), whereas Brazil (9.76 [9.54–9.99]) and USA (10.02 [9.82–10.21]) were placed in between. The proportion of the European physicians who agreed to the statement “My religious beliefs influence my practice of medicine” (95% CI) was 42% (26%–59%) compared with Brazil (36% [29%–43%]), USA (57% [54%–60%]), India (58% [52%–63%]), and Indonesia (91% [84%–95%]). Conclusions: Although large cross-cultural variations existed in the samples, 50% of physicians reported to be influenced by their religious beliefs. Religiosity and influence of religious beliefs were most pronounced in India, Indonesia, and a European faith-based hospital. Education regimes of current and future physicians should encompass this influence, and help physicians learn how their personal values influence their clinical practice.

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