Irawati, Desy and Widodo, Agung D.W. and Setiabudi, Rebekah J. and Wahyunitisari, Manik R. and Arfijanto, Muhammad V. and Atika, Atika (2026) Exploring the Antibiofilm Efficacy of Pluchea indica Ethanol Extract on Various Microbes In Vitro. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 10 (2). 7514 - 7518.

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Abstract

Infections caused by biofilm-forming pathogens pose major challenges in clinical treatment, as biofilms protect microorganisms from antimicrobial agents and increase resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Pluchea indica (Beluntas) ethanolic extract in suppressing biofilm formation by selected microorganisms under in vitro conditions. The extract was prepared using maceration with 96 ethanol, and antibiofilm activity was assessed using a microtiter plate assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Biofilm inhibition was quantified spectrophotometrically and analyzed statistically. The Kruskal�Wallis test demonstrated significant differences among treatment groups (p < 0.001). At higher concentrations, Pluchea indica extract inhibited S. aureus biofilm by 55.15, E. coli by 66.25, and C. albicans by 61.90. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, compounds believed to interfere with biofilm development by disrupting quorum sensing and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. These findings indicate that Pluchea indica extract is a promising natural antibiofilm agent effective against biofilms formed by both bacterial and fungal pathogens. This study supports the potential of Pluchea indica as a phytopharmaceutical alternative for managing biofilm-associated infections. © 2026 Irawati et al.

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