Latifatul Fitria, 080513297 (2010) KULTUR MIKROSPORA JAGUNG (ZEA MAYS L.) DENGAN PERLAKUAN STRES SUHU DAN MEDIUM STARVASI. Skripsi thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh stres suhu dan medium starvasi terhadap viabilitas mikrospora jagung (Zea mays L.), struktur dan perkembangan mikrospora, serta mengetahui lama waktu inkubasi yang optimal untuk menghasilkan mikrospora embriogenik dengan struktur seperti bintang (tipe 3). Mikrospora yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari malai jagung dengan panjang ± 25 cm yang telah diberi perlakuan suhu rendah (4oC) selama dua minggu. Mikrospora dikulturkan dalam medium starvasi (medium B) yaitu medium tanpa sumber gula dan nitrogen selama 2, 4, dan 6 hari pada suhu 4oC, 27oC, dan 35oC menggunakan Rancangan Faktorial dengan kultur mikrospora pada medium N6 sebagai kontrol. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 2, 4, dan 6. Prosentase mikrospora viabel dianalisi dengan Uji Kruskal-Wallis (α = 5%) dilanjutkan dengan Uji Mann-Whitney (α = 5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama waktu starvasi, prosentase mikrospora viabel semakin menurun. Selama perlakuan terjadi perubahan struktur mikrospora menjadi tipe 1 memiliki ciri identik dengan stadium uninukleat akhir, tipe 2 terjadi fragmentasi vakuola dengan inti di tepi, dan tipe 3 (mikrospora embriogenik) terdapat struktur seperti bintang dan inti ditengah. Stres pada suhu 35oC dan starvasi selama 2 hari menjadi waktu yang optimal untuk menghasilkan mikrospora embriogenik sebesar 16,81%. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh stres suhu dan medium starvasi terhadap viabilitas mikrospora. Struktur mikrospora mengalami perubahan yaitu ukuran mikrospora membesar, vakuola terfragmentasi, dan terbentuk struktur seperti bintang (mikrospora embriogenik). Waktu yang optimal untuk membentuk mikrospora embriogenik adalah starvasi dua hari pada suhu 35oC. Translation: The purposes of this experiment were to find out the effect of temperature stress and starvation medium treatment on the viability, structure, and development of corn (Zea mays L.) microspores and also to find out the optimum incubation period to produce embryogenic microspore with star-like stucture (type 3). The microspores used in this experiment were of ± 25 cm corn tassel which had been treated in low temperature (4oC) for two weeks. The microspores were cultured in starvation medium (B medium), a medium without sugar and nitrogen source, for 2, 4, and 6 days at temperature 4oC, 27oC, and 35oC, with Factorial Design and the control was microspore culture in N6 medium. The datas were carried on days 2, 4, and 6. The percentage of viable microspores was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 5%) followed by Mann-Whitney test (α = 5%). The results showed that the longer the starvation period was, the percentage of viable microspore decreased. During treatments, some changes happened on microspores structure being type 1 had identical characteristics to late uninucleate microspore stage, type 2 had the vacuole fragmentation and the nucleus was positioned close to the microspore wall, and type 3 (embryogenic microspores) had specific structure such as a star and the nucleus in the centre of the microspore. Temperature stress 35oC and 2 days starvation period had become the optimum time to produce embryogenic microspores as much as 16.81%. It was concluded that there was an effect of temperature stress and starvation medium treatment on microspores viability. Microspores structure was changed, microspores enlarged, vacuoles were fragmented, and formed like-star structure (embryogenic microspores). The optimum time to form embryogenic microspores was two days starvation at temperature of 35oC

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