MUAIDY YASIN, 090610572D (2011) PEMBIAYAAN USAHA TANI DAN IMPLIKASINYA PADA PENDAPATAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI PADI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM DI LOMBOK TIMUR. Disertasi thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

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Abstract

The objectives of this study are to analyze in depth the sources of rice farm enterprise financing viewed from the Islamic perspective; To analyze deeply the implication of Islamic funding, covering the self fund financing, ‘salam’ (buying the rice from farmers long before the harvest time), ‘nempo’ (delayed payment, or future contract-based financing) and unconditional to the income and welfare of the farmer families; To analyze in depth the implication of non-Islamic financing, consisting of the financing under the systems of ‘riba’ (usury), ‘bunga’ (interest) and ‘barter’ to the income and welfare of the farmer families; To analyze deeply about the understanding and application of the non-Islamic financing system (usury and barter system) at the rice farmers.; To analyze in depth about implementation of obligation to pay for the ‘zakat produksi’ (production tithe) conducted according to ‘syar’i’ (Islamic Law) and ‘kaffah’ (properly) by the farmers in East Lombok; and to analyze in depth the welfare of the farmer families from the view point of wealth line of ‘muzakki’ and the poverty line of ‘mustahiq’ in East Lombok. This study applies the qualitative method. Data collecting is conducted by using the observation method and in-depth interview supported by the field notes and handycam. The method to determine farmers as informants is carried out by selecting certain people pursuant to the predetermined informant characteristics. Based on the information obtained from the initial informant, the next informant is determined. This is the socalled the Serial Selection of Sample Unit Method or Snowball Sampling Method. Data analysis is conducted by using two approaches, namely the Islamic Intuitive Analysis or “Kasyf” and the Qualitative Analysis. The Islamic Intuitive Analysis is conducted by referring to the ‘nash’ (authoritative quotations) of the Holy Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadist (guidance and teaching of Muhammad- the Prophet), related to the farm enterprise funding of the rice farmers, whereas qualitative analysis is carried out in all phenomena of farm enterprise financing that becomes the primary study in this research. Output of study indicates that accumulation of capital to set up their own capital is carried out through the increase of added values, the cattle selling by means of nempo (delayed payment, or future contract-based financing), balance of tobacco business outputs and utilization of sale outputs to increase the business capital. The Islamic and non-Islamic financing adds the financing structure for the farm enterprise, production and the income earned by the informant. However, due to the obligation to pay for the loan interest and the difference in price to receive and the price to pay causes the decrease in net income. The limited sources of fund have caused the farmers involved in the financing system of ‘riba’ (usury), barter, ‘ijon’ (buying the rice from farmers long before the harvest time), ‘nemp’ (delayed payment, or future contract-based financing) and unconditional system. The understanding of farmers on the practice of riba and barter is that both are ‘haram’ (forbidden). However, the magnitude of the amount to be received compared to the interest to pay closes their mind to see the truth of their faith. The financing under the system of ‘ijon’ and ‘nempo’ is believed to be permitted because it is conducted under the sales and purchase contract, whereas the unconditional financing is the financing based on the action of mutual help without taking one-sided benefit. In this study it is found out that the Zadjuli Theory on the border lines of wealth and poverty can be applied at the rice farmers in East Lombok. In addition, the selected concept of faith is found out in this study, namely the action of farmers using the Islamic financing system based on the direction of their faith. Output of this study recommends the Government to establish a wakaf (religious donation for community) in cash in order to be able to help strengthen the farmers’ capitals whose operation follow the syari’ah (Islamic law) principles.

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