GPB SUKA ARJAWA (2010) PERGESERAN PELAKSANAAN RITUAL NGABEN DI BALI (Tinjauan terhadap Aspek Sosial Ngaben yang Mendorong Munculnya Ngaben Krematorium). Disertasi thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

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Abstract

Ngaben ceremony conducted by Balinese Hindu community has shifted comparing with the existing ritual ngaben konvensional. The shift cannot be separated from the situation when ngaben konvensional is performed as well as the intellectual development of most Hindu community in Bali. The complication and complexity of ngaben konvensional make several groups of people dare to violate the village ruler or banjar pakraman, for example, people do not join the collective action. Such cases result in the conflict and finally make village or banjar pakraman gives sanctions. As a result, new thoughts concerning the ceremony cross people mind. From the social construction and interpretation, then there comes rational attitude towards how the ceremony is conducted. The application of the new idea is conducting ngaben in crematorium. This way does not rely much on the village or banjar pakraman. The function of the village as the executor of ceremony is replaced by a crematorium. Conducting ngaben in crematorium is more efficient regarding the cost, economic expenses, time to perform the ceremony as well as to avoid the crisis in conducting the cremation. This research is undertaken in Bali within the community that conducts ngaben in crematorium. It is a qualitative research. Because of that, the method utilized in collecting the data is interview and observation. Secondary sources like reports concerning ngaben krematorium are also used. The theory utilized is social change supported by the theory of conflict, modernization, rational choice and social construction. From the field research conducted, it is found that the most visible change is the quality of social interaction. It means that people do not need to spend their time to perform and attend the ceremony.The involvement of a crematorium in conducting the ceremony makes people become only the witnesses, not the actors. In the level of social structure, the construction toward social phenomenon and rational attitude cannot only be afforded by those coming from heigh economy status but also by th ones with low economy status. Despite the existing ngaben konvensional tradition, ngaben krematorium has shown the modernization to the existing tradition. The modernization is still in accordance with ethics of tradition, for instance developing a traditional concept of ngayat and desa, kala, patra, that is the traditional concept which support the new movement in performing ngaben ceremony.

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