NOORJANNAH, 090110291 L (2003) FAKTOR ANAK DAN LINGKUNGAN PERUMAHAN YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEMONIA PADA ANAK BATITA DI KABUPATEN BANJAR. Thesis thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

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Abstract

The Factors of Children and Housing Environment Related to the Incidence of Pneumonia among Underthree Children in the District of Banjar Pneumonia in the District of Banjar still become an important health problem, in spite of the disease tackling program has been performed in long time period. Some teories reveal that the factors of children and housing are related to the incidence of pneumonia. The objective of this study was to analyze relationship between the factors of children and housing and the incidence of pneumonia among underthree children in the District of Banjar. This study used case control design. The case was underthree children aged 12 - 35 months diagnosed with pneumonia by the clinicians in health care centers during a period between April and June 2003, and lived in the District of Banjar. Control was underthree children of the same age lived nearby those in case group. Total sample was 150 individuals, comprising 75 in case and 75 in control group. The dependent variable in this study was the incidence of pneumonia in underthree children, while the independent variables were age, sex, immunization status, nutritional status, birthvveight, vitamin A supplementation, house ventilation, humidity, sunlight, house location, house type, floor type, wall type, kitchen location, smoke hole, house density, presence of transmission source, cigarette smoke, kitchen smoke, and mosquite repellent smoke. Data analysis ware done descriptively and Inferential. The descriptive analysis was presented as cross tabulation and percentage. Inferential analysis was done using logistic regression test %with significance leve. of 95% (p < 0.05) to identify relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and to estimate risk (Odds Ratio) of the risk factors of the incidence of pneumonia in underthree children. Results revealed that the variables having significant relations with the incidence of pneumonia in underthree children were the presence of transmission source, with OR =13,497 (95% Cl: 3,109 � 58,590); sunlighting in house with OR = 11,942 (95% Cl: 2,583 � 55,215); lower nutritional status, with OR = 4,985 (95% Cl: 1,853 � 13,413); densely inhabited house, with OR = 4,366 (95% Cl: 1,635 - 11,659) ;vitamin A supplementation, with OR = 3,537 (95% Cl: 1,509 � 8,291); and age of 12 - 23 months, with OR = 3,114 (95% Cl: 1,287 � 7,536), whereas another variables did not show any relations to incidence of pneumonia among underthree children in the District of Banjar. From this study can be suggested that for giving the enlightenment to public about prevention and early detection of peumonia/ ISPA, nutritional development and health care underthree children, and housing sanitation. Then, if there was a family member who having ISPA, they must immediately threated so it would not advance to pneumonis and would not infects another family member.

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