Tinduh, Damayanti and Laswati P, Hening and Retnowati, Endang (2013) (Endogenous Stem Cells) Effect of Exercise in (Postmenopausal) Osteoporosis. In: Surabaya Regenerative Medicene and Stem Cell Center Collaborate With Dutch Foundation The Commeration of 1st Century of Medical Education in Surabava The Joumey of Stem Cell & iissue Engineering From pre Clinical To Clinical Tria. Fakultas Kedokteran Unair, Surabaya, pp. 30-31.

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Abstract

A World Health Organisation (WHO) working group and consensus conlerence (199l) have defined osteoporosis as A systemic silent progressive skeletal disease characterized by row bone mass and microarchitecturai deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone lragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk". According to US National institute of Hearth (2002) osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of lracture. Osteoporosis affected the morbidity rite directly (related to disability and decreased quaiity of life) as well as mortality rate indirectly coming from its complication. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease caused by reduced estrogen activity postmenopause. reduced estrogen level leads to osteoclast disinhibition and osteoblast inhibition and affects Lone remodeling imbalance, which, osteoclast activity is predominant, lead to negative uncoupling bone remodeling process. Exercise is a form of prescribed physical acitivity which can be measured and have specific goal. Exercise affects all systems of human body from the molecular to organ level, including bones. Walking exercise is a form of weight bearing_axial loading activity, and has bone as its specific target. Osteogenicity of walking exercise depends on its speed and ground reaction force occurred wtrite walking walking exercise has systemic and local effects which recruit molecules and cels (including stem and progenitor cels) within the bone and surrounding tissues, and in turn will affect bone remodeling process.

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