Cryptococcal Menigitis Repository

Cryptococcal Menigitis

Paulus Sugianto (2012) Cryptococcal Menigitis. In: Neurology Approach from Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Airlangga University Press, Surabaya, pp. 111-129. ISBN 978-602-8967-64-8

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Abstract

Cryptococcal meningitis due to Cryptococcus is the commonest clinical manifestation, although pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections are also known to occur. The most serious infections usually develop in patients with defective cell-mediated immunity, for example AIDS, patients undergoing organ transplantation, patients with malignancy, patients undergoing corticosteroid treatment and patients with sarcoidosis. The incidence increases along with the skyrocketing HIV cases although in some countries become less frequent since introduction of HAART. The patient usually presents with malaise, headache, fever and visual disturbance and altered mental status. Signs include meningism, papilooedema, cranial nerve palsies and reduced conscious level. The diagnosis is usually straight forward with the finding of this yeast through India ink staining, culture, highly sensitive and specific cryptococcal antigen testing of CSF or serum if CSF can not be obtained. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial although with the current optimal treatment, mortality rate is high. Significantly raised intracranial pressure and other specific condition such as reconstitution syndrome in HIV patient contribute to unfavourable outcome.

Item Type:

Book Section

Uncontrolled Keywords:

cryptococcus, meningitis, HIV

Subjects:

R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry

Divisions:

01. Fakultas Kedokteran > Ilmu Penyakit Saraf

Creators: