Feriawan Tan (2020) Pola Mikroba Pada Pasien HIV Dengan Infeksi Bakterial Di Unit Perawatan Intermediate dan Penyakit Infeksi (UPIPI) RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Skripsi thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

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Abstract

Background: HIV patients with a weak immune system are very vulnerable to the opportunistic infections which are currently a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Opportunistic infections can trigger systemic endothelial activation and end up as a septic condition. In Indonesia currently there is no routine monitoring of bacterial epidemiological that becomes a source of opportunistic infections in HIV patients. Purpose: To determine the characteristics of HIV patients who are admitted to hospital and to know the microbial pattern in HIV patients with bacterial infection. Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a crossectional observational study design. Data obtained from medical records of patients in Soetomo Regional Public Hospital Surabaya in the period August 2019 - February 2020 Result: Patients are dominated by men (78.1%), within 30-39 years old (43.8%), graduated senior high school (67.2%), working as non-government employees (48.4%), Muslim (93.8%), single (50%), Surabaya's address (62.5%), with the incidence of sepsis 29.7%, death 32.8%, and CD4 <200 cells/μL 31.2%. The most common opportunistic infections are Candidiasis oris (60.9%) and Tuberculosis (56.3%). Of the 64 patients, 83 specimens were found with the most bacterial types are gram-negative bacteria 44.6%, while gram-positive bacteria 15.7%, a mixed 2.4% and negative or normal flora 37.3%. The highest prevalence of gram-negative bacteria was Klebsiella pneumoniae (35.15) followed by Escherichia coli (10.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.1%) and Acinetobacter baumanii (8.1%). The highest prevalence of gram-positive bacteria was Streptococcus mitis / oralis (30.7%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (23.1%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (15.4%). Turnaround time or the time needed for culture microbiological examination of blood, sputum, urine and feces / pus were 4.63 (± 0.8), 3.02 (± 1.1), 2.89 (± 0.8) and 3.75 (± 0.9). Conclusion: Most HIV patients are infected with gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive. In the future, it is expected that routine culture microbiological examination can be carried out as an effort to promote and prevent opportunistic infections that can reduce morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS patients.

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