Aritonang, Christina and Irwanto, Irwanto and Prastyani, Reni (2026) Validation of eye occluding device developed from bottle caps for dopamine studies in rabbits: A pilot study. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (3). 1853 - 1858. ISSN 22264485
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Abstract
Background: The designs of custom ocular occluders vary widely and may introduce heterogeneity in biological outcomes. Retinal dopamine D<sub>1</sub> receptor (DâR) signaling is thought to exert a protective role and reduce dopaminergic activity in the rabbit retina. Aim: The aim of this study was to prove the reduction in D<sub>1</sub> R concentration in rabbit eyes after the eye occlusion process for 30 days. Methods: A low-cost, opaque monocular occluder was developed by repurposing black plastic bottle caps cushioned with adhesive bandage tape. The occluder was applied to the right eye of 2 to 3-month-old male New Zealand White rabbits for 30 days, with the left eye serving as an unoccluded control. The devices were replaced every 3 days under minimal lighting. At the end of the occlusion period, rabbits were euthanized, their eyes were enucleated, and retinal/ vitreal tissues were collected. D<sub>1</sub>R concentrations were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The bottle-cap occluder was well tolerated; no clinical signs of conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, discharge, eyelid edema, or orbital cellulitis were observed. Retinal/vitreal D<sub>1</sub>R levels were consistently lower in occluded eyes than in fellow eyes. In Rabbit 1, D<sub>1</sub>R concentrations were 0.41 ng/ml in the left (unoccluded) eye and 0.26 ng/ml in the right (occluded) eye; in Rabbit 2, D1R concentrations were 2.82 and 1.95 ng/ml, respectively. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that a simple black bottle-cap-based eye occluder can be safely used in rabbits and is associated with reduced retinal D<sub>1</sub>R levels, supporting its utility as a low-cost tool for experimental dopamine research. © 2026, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.
| Item Type: | Article | ||||||||
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| Additional Information: | Cited by: 0; All Open Access; Gold Open Access | ||||||||
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | dopamine; ketamine; xylazine; animal experiment; Article; biochemical analysis; controlled study; cornea opacity; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; exposure; eyelid closure; Leporidae; male; nonhuman; orbit cellulitis; pilot study | ||||||||
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > SF Animal culture > SF405.5-407 Laboratory animals | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Artikel Ilmiah > SCOPUS INDEXED JOURNAL | ||||||||
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| Depositing User: | Nurma Harumiaty | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 30 Sep 2026 08:49 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 30 Sep 2026 08:49 | ||||||||
| URI: | http://repository.unair.ac.id/id/eprint/145962 | ||||||||
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