Satya Candra Wibawa Sakti*,, .- and Nindayu Indrasari, .- and Rizki Ainuna Wijaya, .- and Mochamad Zakki Fahmi*, .- and Alfa Akustia Widati, .- and Hwei Voon Lee, .- and Takahiro Fujioka, .- and Nuryono, .- and Chun-Hu Chen, .- (2022) Diatomaceous earth incorporated floating magnetic beads for oil removal on water. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 25 (2022). pp. 1-14. ISSN 2352-1864

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Abstract

Water contamination by oil spills causes severe damage to the environment and human health. Oil adsorbents should be buoyant, effective oil-contact, and regenerable. In this study, diatomaceous-earth (DE)-incorporated magnetic alginate (Alg)-based beads, chemically modified to include phthalic or maleic anhydride (denoted as Alg/DE/Fe3O4-PA and Alg/DE/Fe3O4-MA), were developed. Internal cavities, formed by cavity-forming agents, made them buoyant. The beads were buoyant and magnetically responsive for 30 days. Maximum oil adsorption capacities of Alg/DE/Fe3O4-PA and Alg/DE/Fe3O4-MA were 29.7 and 21.0 times their weights, respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetics model (0.999, ARE 1.088,and 0.041) and Freundlich isotherm model (0.999, ARE 0.1, and 10−3) were used to determine these values. Both beads were magnetically regenerable for up to 20 cycles. DE pores improved oil adsorption capacity by facilitating intra-bead diffusion of surface adsorbed oil. This was confirmed by micro-structural characterization using surface micrographs, elemental distribution, porosity, thermal stability, crystalline phases, molecular vibrational behavior, and magnetic properties. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry analyses revealed spherical beads with well-distributed Fe3O4 spinel on the surfaces. The two adsorbent beads satisfied the criteria for oil-removal from water: buoyancy, high affinity towards various oil types, and magnetic re-collectability.

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