SUHARDI DUKA, 090710211 (2014) PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT DI KABUPATEN MAMUJU PROVINSI SULAWESI BARAT. Disertasi thesis, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

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Abstract

This dissertation focuses its discussion on the role of local government of Mamuju in optimizing zakat in the District of Mamuju, West Sulawesi (Celebes). This dissertation seeks to answer such questions as how the local government of Mamuju plays the role in optimizing zakat, and its impact on institutional strengthening of zakat that contributes to socio -economic prosperity of Mamuju society; how Muslim society of Mamuju understands zakat as a religious obligation that contains social and public dimension; and how is the model of zakat management that acknowledge local wisdom. To answer these questions, this dissertation employs qualitative method to explore the data through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Qualitative analysis of the data obtained uses the role theory of such social scientists as Ralph Linton, elaborated by Ritzer, the theory of agency as part of structuration theory, proposed by Anthony Giddens, and the theory of social change proposed by Robert Lauer. These theories are used to explain and analyze the actions of the local government in creating the conditions that enable the transformation of the social practice of zakat in Mamuju. Based on analytical study of the available data, using particularly phenomenological approach, this dissertation results in some conclusions. First, The role of local government has important implications for the institutional strengthening of BAZDA (local management board of zakat) as the single body which has the authority to manage zakat according to the laws and local regulations. BAZDA’s performance has exhibited its strength and excellence, which among other things is characterized by an increase in revenue of zakat and shadaqah, an increase in the number of muzakki (zakat payers), and an increase in the coverage of the distribution of zakat, and its relatively important impact on reducing poverty and increasing prosperity. The transformation cannot essentially be separated from the important role of local government in optimizing zakat and shadaqah. Through the regulation No. 8/2009 and the regent’s decree No. 8/2009, the government has performed its function as an agent of structural and cultural transformation in relation to zakat practice. The political support and policy of the regent as the local ruler have created conditions which support the transformation of social practices of zakat much better and more accountable. Second, the public understanding of zakat undergoes a significant transformation. Zakat was previously emphasized as a religious obligation with merely ritual-private dimension, and run individually, but then it is understood as a religious duty with social and public dimension, and therefore managed publicly. To a certain extent, the culture of giving donation in Mamuju is supported by local tradition of sharing and helping each other, which is called sibaliparri . Third, the Mandar Model can be regarded as a model in which the government plays an important role in optimizing zakat management di Mamuju district while involving local leaders in zakat management. Mandar model is the synergy between the strengthening of government’s role and the local culture and local wisdom in Mamuju, which makes the traditional local leader involved in zakat management (zakat collectors), thus making zakat management being rooted in Mamuju or Mandar tradition.

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